‘’The Mesopotamian Swastika’’ (2002) This work appears mono-chrome, but, actually, the first original layer was Polychromatic then layered over with heavy paint of white. The work had been influenced by my research; I began to refine my concepts which led me to take an MA in semiotics focusing on the icon – a sign with many attributions and meanings: the swastika, a Mesopotamian form, is a good example. I also began eliminating colour from my work. I reduced colour in order to clarify for myself the meaning of kind of abstraction I deal with. The primary element of abstract art is colour – there is blue, there is red. But I have many questions about colour. When there is green in nature, there are good reasons for it, but what does colour mean to my work? Really, I keep delaying a deep investigation of this question; it is very problematic for me